Prevalence of depression, HbA[subscript 1]C level, and associated factors in outpatients with type 2 diabetes at endocrine clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
Abstract:
The objectives of this descriptive research were to study the prevalence of depression, poor glycemic control, and associated factors in 250 outpatients with type 2 diabetes at endocrine clinic, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. The tools used for the data collection were demographic and clinical questionnaire, Thai-HADS, Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE), The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, the summary of diabetes self-care activities (SDSCA), live stress event test (in the past year) and questionnaire for assessment of social support. The collected data was processed by SPSS for Windows 11.5 for means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages, pearson's Chi-square test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson correlation, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The demographic data showed that 64.4% of the sample were female with mean age was 62.58 years, and 53.6% had at least 12-year education. The research results indicated that the prevalence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes was 28% and the prevalence of poor glycemic control (HbA[subscript 1]C level[is more than or equal to] 7%) was 56%. Depression and poor glycemic showed linear relationship (r = 0.803) if depressive scores in Thai-HADS were more than 12. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that anxiety, low education level, history of diabetes related admissions, perceived health status, compliance to diabetic treatments, and diabetic nephropathy could predict the depression. Additionally, hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, perceived health status, coffee drinking, high serum LDL, and albuminuria or proteinuria could predict the poor glycemic control.