Kanjanaporn Rujiraworawut. Oxidation of benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by polyoxometalates. Master's Degree(Petrochemistry and Polymer Science). Chulalongkorn University. Center of Academic Resources. : Chulalongkorn University, 2007.
Oxidation of benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by polyoxometalates
Abstract:
In this work various polyoxometalates: Na₂H[PMo₁₂O₄₀], Na₂H[PW₁₂O₄₀], H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, (VO)H[PMo₁₂O₄₀], (VO)H[PW₁₂O₄₀], (n-Bu₄N) ₃ [PW₁₂O₄₀], (n-Bu₄N) ₄ [PVW11O₄₀], (n-Bu₄N)₅[PV₂W₁₀O₄₀] and (n-Bu₄N)₆[PV₃W₉O₄₀] were synthesized. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, AAS, ICP, UV-Vis and TPR. The oxidation of sulfur model compounds (benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene) with hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by these polyoxometalates was studied. These sulfur compounds are typical refractory sulfur compounds in diesel fuels. The compounds were oxidized to sulfone. The experimental results show that the W catalysts have higher activity than the Mo catalysts. The activity also depends on the countercation: Na₂H[PW₁₂O₄₀] ~ H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ > (VO)H[PW₁₂O₄₀]. For the V-containing catalysts, the relative activity order is: (n-Bu₄N)₆[PV₃W₉O₄₀] > (n-Bu₄N)₅[PV₂W₁₀O₄₀] > (n-Bu₄N)₄[PVW₁₁O₄₀] > (n-Bu₄N) ₃ [PW₁₂O₄₀]. The oxidation reactivity order of sulfur compounds is: dibenzothiophene (DBT)> 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) > benzothiophene (BT). In the case of the most refractory compound: BT, a higher %yield of sulfone can be obtained at more severe reaction conditions. Addition of phase transfer catalyst can also increase the product yield. The selected catalyst: Na₂H[PW₁₂O₄₀], was utilized in the oxidation of a commercial diesel oil. The oxidized product was removed by solvent extraction and alumina adsorption. Sulfur in the diesel oil can be removed up to 99% (from 0.575 %wt to 0.0056 %wt sulfur) at 70 °C in 5 h.