Abstract:
To fortify fried batter coating with defatted rice bran. Initially, proximate compositions of raw materials and formulations of fried batter coating for onion and squid rings were studied. Quantities of wheat flour, rice flour, corn flour and flour to water ratio were varied at 50-95%, 5-40%, 5-30% (by weight) and 1:1.3, 1:1.4 and 1:1.5 respectively. Appropriate formulas were selected using sensory quality, moisture and fat content of the product, chemical and physical properties of fried batter and coating weight, as criteria. Quantities of flour in the fried batter coatings were then substituted with 5, 15, 25 and 35% (by flour weight) of defatted rice bran and the crude range selected by sensory qualities and fat contents of the products. Quantity of the defatted rice bran was varied again at 15, 18, 21, 24 and 27% (by flour weight) to acquire the optimum level. Frying conditions to improve crispness of the fried batter coating for onion ring were studied at 210 ํC, 40 and 50 secs, and for squid ring, at 210 ํC, 70 and 80 secs. Quality changes during storage of both fried batter coating mixes, and frozen fried onion and squid rings were later investigated. The fried batter coating were stored in OPP/PE/AL/PE bags, at 28 ํ-30 ํC for 4 months. At one month interval, samples were analyzed for moisture, fat and ash contents. Fried products were frozen by liquid nitrogen in Cryo-Test Chamber at -30 ํ, -40 ํ and -50 ํC, for onion and -70 ํC, -80 ํ and -90 ํC, for squid. The best quality products, selected by sensory quality, freezing and heating losses, were then vacuum packaged in NY/L-LDPE bags and stored at -18 ํC for 12 weeks. During storage, TBA values, numbers of bacteria and mold, sensory qualities of the products were assessed, at a 3 -week period interval. Wheat flour contained 11.20% protein which is higher than those found in rice and corn flours. Defatted rice bran has 34.40% dietary fiber. Moisture and fat levels found in onion were 88.93% and 0.35% while those measured in squid were 80.06% and 0.81%, respectively. Fried batter coating for onion was composed of 65% wheat flour, 5% rice flour, 30% corn flour while that selected for squid comprising 55% wheat flour, 40% rice flour and 5% corn flour. The flour to water ratio for both samples was 1:1.3. Appropriate quantities of defatted rice bran for onion and squid batter coating were 21 and 18% respectively. Frying condition that improved crispness of batter coating for onion and squid were 210 ํC, 40 secs and 210 ํC, 70 secs respectively. Fried batter coating mixes can be stored at 28 ํC -30 ํC without changing of either the moisture or the ash contents. The best condition found for freezing of onion and squid rings were -50 ํC, 8.75 secs, and -90 ํC, 4.67 secs, respectively. At the end of the 12 weeks storage, TBA numbers of both products increased while bacteria and mold decreased. The crispness and total acceptability scores of both products although decreased (p<=0.05), still fall in the acceptable region