Abstract:
This research aimed to develop the utilization of utilization glass scrap bottles as raw materials instead of using feldspar, which is flux of ceramic product, by adding spent silica-alumina. The experiment was performed using the ratio of ball clay to feldspar equal to 8 : 5, which is 60% of whole mixture, plus 40% of milled sand. A series of experiments was carried out by varying the ratio of brown glass scrap bottles:spent silica-alumina at 100:0, 80:20, 75:25 and 70:30 of feldspar in the mixture then pressing to 4x4 inch[superscript 2] tile in size and varying of temperature at 1200, 1150 and 1100 degrees celsius. The quality tests of ceramic tile such as bending strength, firing shrinkage, water absorption, chemical durability and crazing durability were performed according to the Industrial Standards. The results indicated that all mixtures, which were burned at 1200 degrees Celsius, passed Thai Industrial Standard for ceramic floor tile (TIS.37-2519). According to the economic analysis, the mixture at the ratio of brown glass scrap bottles:spent silica-alumina at 80:20 and burned at 1150 degrees Celsius could pass Thai Industrial Standard for ceramic floor tile (TIS.37-2529). This mixture had the quality of bending strength equal to 27.46 MPa., firing shrinkage equal to 4.89%, water absorption equal to 1.93% and it also had the capacity of chemical durability and crazing durability. The phase analysis by x-ray diffraction found quartz and cristobalite phase, the basic form of mullite phase, which provides the high strength for ceramic products. The cost estimation for the product revealed a cost of 8.61 baht/piece of ceramic tile. Comparing to the original process which burned at 1200 degrees Celsius, this research revealed a safe of 2.98 bath/piece of ceramic tile.