Abstract:
The purposes of this research are to analyze the essential principles of the Tipitaka for student development, and to present the student development model based on the essential principles of Tipitaka. The documentary research approach was used for synthesizing and taxonomizing the principles of the Tipitaka including the suggestion from experts for considering and selecting the appropriate principles to develop students. Results of the study show that the principles of the Tipitaka are valuable for student development. The 244 principles cover fourfold to develop students, namely, physical, behavioral, mental, and intellectual development. Each principle can be applied for developing student covering from one to fourfold. The principles cover psychosocial, cognitive-structural, typological, and person-environment interaction theories. The Noble Eightfold Path is the essential principle for student development; therefore, the student development model is to apply the Path to develop students. The model integrates 1) the 7 foregoing signs, namely, good company, possession of virtue, possession of will, self-possession, possession of right view, possession of earnestness, and possession of reasoned attention, 2) The Noble Eightfold Path, namely, right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration, and 3) student development theories. The three-dimension student development model comprises 1) purposes consist of cognitive learning, emotional and moral development, practical competence, advancement of knowledge, discovery an encouragement of talent, advancement of social welfare, and avoidance of negative outcomes, 2) targets consist of individual, campus ecology, physical ecology, social ecology, cultural ecology, academic ecology, organizational/structural ecology, and 3) methods consist of active learning, development of coherent values and ethical standards, high expectation communication, systematic inquiry, using resources effectively, push from educational partnership, and building supportive and inclusive communities. The three-dimension model is the tool for developing students which generates 343 equations for student development. Essential finding is the outcome of the student development model based on the principles of The Tipitaka as the holistic students