Abstract:
The overall aim of this research was to study influences of temperature time and attrition on physical properties of tapioca starch particles and beta-cyclodextrin initial synthesis rate by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase), from Bacillus circulans ATCC9995. The study consists of two main parts. The first part was to study influences of temperature (60 ํ - 80 ํC), time (0 - 24 Hrs.) and attrition on physical properties of tapioca starch such as swelling power, percentage of solubility, viscosity, and size of starch particles. The second part, consequently, was to study initial synthesis rate from starch obtained from different treatment processes. From the experiments, physical properties of starch particles after heat treatment process were obviously hanged after four hours incubation time. For 60 ํC incubation temperature, swelling power and starch solubility did not appear to change with incubation time after four hours, and were found to be 50% (at 4th hr) and 20% (at 24th hr), respectively, less than those treated at 65 ํC with the same incubation time. Increasing temperature to 65 ํ, 70 ํ, 75 ํ and 80 ํC resulted in increasing initial starch viscosity to about 40 - 80 % for each 5 ํC increased considered at every incubation time. At incubation temperature higher than 65 ํC, starch particle sizes were found to decrease with increasing incubation time. For starch solution treated at 80 ํC, particle sizes were discovered to decrease with time until almost the same sizes as raw starch particles were achieved. This final particle sizes measured were believed to be obtained from particles that were strong enough hot to be broken down by thermal or mechanical energy added. Effect of incubation time was noticeable only when starch solution was treated at 65 ํC or higher. It was revealed that starch particles would swell up to around the maximum size of 43 after some incubation time. These particles were then broken up if further energy was given. Increasing in solubility and decreasing in viscosity were, therefore, resulted. Attrition of starch solution was possible only up to 60 ํC, this was because higher temperature could turn starch solution into gel. However, results showed that attrition together with heat treatment did not cause noticeable solubility change in comparison to heat treated solution (60 ํC) without attrition. On the other hand, swelling power, viscosity, and particle sizes were found to increase respectively, 55%, 95% and 25% incomparison to solution without attrition. Experimental results obtained in the second part demonstrated that starch physical properties played important roles in determining production rate. Starch solution which was heat treated until particles were broken were found to be suitable substrate for production. Suitable treatment conditions found were 75 ํC with 4 hr incubation time which resulted in solution viscosity of 900 cP, residual particle sized of 3, and 0.29 mg/1-min-unit enzyme production rate