Abstract:
Mathematical models are presented in this thesis. The main objective of our study is to explore conductivity of the ground structure. The first mathematical model of Resistivity Method is conducted via numerical technique of Finite Element Method to show the scalar potential under the ground. The results of scalar potential are plotted to show behavior of them. The geometric model used is one layer having an exponentially conductivity pro le de ned by over(z) = 0eb(zl)2=2 where b and l are positive constants and l is used to located the peak of the bulge, z is the variable of the depth and 0 is a positive constant. Four probes are located on the ground surface. Two of them are direct current source and the another two probes for voltage measurements. The boundary conditions are denoted and the scalar potential are computed and plotted under MathLAB platform. For the second mathematical model, normalized apparent resistivity resulting from the injection of electric current into the ground is considered and can be used to explore the earth's structures. The analytical solution of normalized apparent resistivity from DC source located on a two-layered earth model is formulated. The conductivity of overburden is denoted by over(z) = 0eb(zl)2=2; 0 z d; where d is the thickness of overburden. The conductivity of host medium, z > d; is denoted by a constant and is given by host(z) = 0: The Hankel transforms and the power series method are used to solve the partial di erential equation to get the potential functions. The expression for the Wenner con guration is introduced to formulate the normalized apparent resistivity. In order to determine the normalized apparent resistivity, numerical solutions are computed to show the behavior of the curves by using Chave's algorithm while some parameters are given. The computation results of normalized apparent resistivity are plotted against electrode spacing. An inverse problem via the use of the Newton-Raphson in optimization technique is introduced for nding a conductivity parameter of the ground. The method is very successful and leads to very good results with the high speed of convergence. For the same source, di erent technique, analytical solution of magnetic eld response from DC source located on a two-layered uniform conductive host medium, similar to the previous conductivity model, is formulated to be our third mathematical model. The Hankel transforms are introduced to solve the magnetic elds which are expressed in the form of integral expression. In order to determine the magnetic elds, numerical solutions are computed to show the behavior of the eld while some parameters are given. The inversion process, using the Newton- Raphson method, is conducted to estimate the true conductivity variation parameter of the ground.