Abstract:
This research aimed to 1) examine Grade 6 students' analytical thinking skills before
and after receiving instruction integrating Kohlberg's moral development theory with problembased learning; 2) compare analytical thinking skills before and after this instructional approach; 3) determine the effectiveness index of this integrated instruction on students' analytical thinking skills; and 4) assess students' moral reasoning after the intervention. The sample comprised 40 Grade 6 students from one classroom at Wat Huay Pong School, Rayong Province, during the
second semester of the 2024 academic year. A cluster random sampling method was used to select the classroom. Research instruments included lesson plans developed from Kohlberg's moral development theory integrated with problem-based learning, an analytical thinking skills test, and a moral reasoning test. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, dependent t-test, and the effectiveness index (E.I.).
The results of the study were as follows:
1. Students' analytical thinking skills showed improvement, with a mean pre-test
score of 7.28 increasing to a mean post-test score of 17.48 after receiving the integrated instruction.
2. Students' analytical thinking skills significantly improved after the intervention
compared to before, with a statistical significance level of .05, supporting the hypothesis. All components of analytical thinking skills also demonstrated greater development after the integrated instruction.
3. The effectiveness index of the integrated instructional approach on Grade 6 students' analytical thinking skills was 0.8016, indicating an 80.16% learning progress among students.
4. Regarding moral reasoning, Grade 6 students who received the integrated
instruction primarily demonstrated reasoning at Stage 3: The Interpersonal Relationship Orientation, followed by Stage 4: The Law and Order Orientation, and Stage 5: The Social Contract Legalistic Orientation.