A comparison of the affordability of different active antimicrobial ingredients used in small scale chicken farms in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

Name: Dung, Nguyen Thi Thuy

LCSH: Kasetsart University -- Theses. M.S. (Bio-Veterinary Science) 2021

Classification :.LCCS: SF995

LCSH: Kasetsart University. -- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine -- Theses

LCSH: Chickens -- Vietnam -- Mekong Delta

LCSH: Chickens -- Diseases

LCSH: Poultry -- Diseases

LCSH: Anti-infective agents

Abstract: In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, high quantities of antimicrobial-containing products are used in poultry production, both for treatment and/or prophylaxis purposes. Worryingly, a large number of the antimicrobial active ingredients (AAIs) contained in these products are of ‘critical importance’ for human medicine according to the World Health Organization (WHO). However, little is known about the affordability of different antimicrobial products and the AAIs contained. The aims were: (1) to investigate the retail price of antimicrobials with regards to WHO importance criteria, and (2) to characterize the expense on antimicrobials over the chicken production cycle. We randomly selected 102 farms raising meat chickens that were investigated over 203 full production cycles in the Mekong Delta province of Dong Thap. Farmers were asked to keep records and containers of all products used. Results were standardized per Animal Daily Dose (ADD) for a one kg chicken and were expressed in cents of a US$ (₵). A total of 214 different antimicrobial-containing products were identified from 191 production cycles of 100 farms. The average retail price of a daily dose of an antimicrobial product administered to a 1kg bird was ₵0.4(SE±0.05).These 214 antimicrobial products contained 37 different AAIs belonging to 13 different classes. The cost of ADDkgof individual AAIs ranged from ₵0.06 to ₵5.44 with an average of ₵0.38 (SE±0.02). In terms of AMU frequency, colistin, oxytetracycline, tylosin, doxycycline and amoxicillin were the five AAIs most commonly AAIs administered to chicken flocks, and were also the most common AAIs in our 214 products (in 29.4%, 17.3% and 13.5%, 11% and 10.2% products, respectively). However, those 5 common used AAIs had a particularly low retail price per ADDkg (₵0.19, ₵0.17,₵0.07, ₵0.2 and ₵0.22 respectively). The more expensive antimicrobials were mostly chosenwhen the weekly flock age of birds increased. Farmers spent on antimicrobials an average of ₵3.91 (SE±0.01) of a dollar per bird over the production cycle. Results from this study shows that prices of antimicrobials for chicken use in the Mekong Delta are extremely low. Since antimicrobials for veterinary medicine can be acquired by anybody without a prescription, and most of the AMU is targeted at prophylactic use, we recommend implementing pricing policies aimed at restricting the use of critical important antimicrobials.

Kasetsart University. Office of the University Library

Address: Bangkok

Email: tdckulib@ku.ac.th

Name: Chalalai Ruenghiran

Role: Thesis Advisor

Created: 2021

Modified: 2025-07-10

Issued: 2025-07-10

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

URL: https://www.lib.ku.ac.th/KUthesis/2564/dung-ngu-all.pdf

CallNumber: SF995 .D86

eng

Spatial: Vietnam Mekong Delta.

DegreeName: Master of Science

Level: Master's Degree

Descipline: Bio-Veterinary Science

Grantor: Kasetsart University

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