Abstract:
The present research aims to identify the bioactive profile and evaluate the
inhibitory activity against enzymes involving diabetes mellitus and obesity of
essential oils (EO) from leaves of Polyscias fruticosa (PfEO), Citrus japonica (CjEO),
and Persicaria odorata (PoEO). GC-MS analysis revealed the bioactive profile of each
EO as follows: the major components of fresh (fPf) and dry (dPf) leave EO of P.
fruticosa include cis-.α.-bergamotene (28.88% and 2 4 .93%), cis-ꞵ-copaene (17.37%
and 12.22%), germacra triene (12.02% and 12.37%), falcarinol (7.33% and 3.78%) และ
elixene (7.13% and 7.03%); the major components of fresh (fCj) and dry (dCj) leave
EO of C. japonica include elemol (16.17% and 1 3%), -eudesmol (11.22% and
9.78%), ꞵ-eudesmol (11.28% and 9.13%), cis-ꞵ-copaene (10.40% and 12.85%) และ
linalool (6.11% and 3.57%); the major components of fresh (fPo) and dry (dPo) leave
EO of P. odorata include dodecanal (35.62% and 29.39%), decanal (9.58% and 8.1%),
1-dodecanol (7.11% and 4 .3 9 %), 1-decanol (3.09% and 3 .0 2 %) แ ล ะ 1 ,4 ,7 ,-
cycloundecatriene, 1 ,5 ,9 ,9 -tetramethyl-,Z,Z,Z- (2.08% and 2 . 2 5 %). Then, the
enzymatic inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and lipase was
determined. The results found that all EOs could inhibit all enzymes tested.
However, in the case of lipase, only the EO of C. japonica and P. odorata could
inhibit while the EO of P. fruticosa did not. In detail, fCj and dCj gave the highest
inhibitory activity against alpha-amylase with IC50 of 61.1 ± 1.2 and 62.5 ± 4.4 µl/mL,
respectively. In addition, fCj could potently inhibit alpha-glucosidase and lipase with
IC50 of 14.9 ± 0.7 และ 181.2 ± 6.3 µl/mL, respectively. From the bioactive profiles,
each enzyme inhibitors presented in each EO were screened and identified. The
ฉresults found that alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors presenting in each
EOs were as follows: PfEO found ꞵ -elemene, caryophyllene oxide, globulol and
phytol; CjEO found ꞵ -myrcene, (-)-globulol, D-limonene, (+ )-α-pinene, ꞵ -pinene,
geraniol, α-terpinene, eucalyptol, -terpinene, linalool, (-)-α-terpineol, ꞵ -elemene,
caryophyllene, nerolidol and phytol; PoEO found decanal, dodecanal, ꞵ -elemene,
caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, nerolidol, drimenin and phytol. The potent
lipase inhibitors found in each EO were CjEO contained caryophyllene, spathulenol,
and elemol while PoEO contained isospathulenol and caryophyllene. Overall, it was
concluded that EO of P. fruticosa, C. japonica, and P. odorata were the bioactive
inhibitor sources against enzymes involving diabetes mellitus and obesity diseases
and could be applied for uses and developed as alternative remedies for curing
diabetes mellitus and obesity in further.