Cold solvent extraction of carotenoids from crude palm oil for food colorant

การสกัดแคโรทีนนอย์จากน้ำมันปาล์มดิบโดยใช้ตัวทำละลายที่อุณหภูมิต่ำเพื่อใช้เป็นสีผสมอาหาร

Name: Pramoun Srikalong

LCSH: Carotenoids

LCSH: Palm oil

LCSH: Oil analysis

Abstract: The prototype extractor for the production of carotenoids from crude palm oil (CPO) was built. The utilities included the hexane cooler system, the CPO-hexane mixing system, the fat separator, the heat exchanger, the hexane evaporator, the hexane condenser, and the hexane vessel. The extractor could be monitored at 25 to -25°C with maximum volume of 7000 ml and maximum agitation speed of 800 rpm. The process cycle was about 3 hrs. The proper type of CPO was the homogenous CPO that degummed by using the combination of citric acid and phosphoric acid. The optimum processed variables were -10°C, oil to hexane of I :3 (w/v), and rate of agitation of 250 rpm, which provided 52% of 558 ppm carotenoids. The regression equation demonstrated the relationships between carotenoids concentration and extraction parameters revealed that the important independent factor affecting concentration of carotenoids decreased in the order ratio of oil to hexane > temperature > rate of agitation. Carotenoids sample extracted by the built extractor at the optimum condition of -I 0°C, oil to hexane of I :3 (w/v), and rate of agitation of 250 rpm found 62 ppm of residual hexane. The amounts of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cu were undetectable, while 9.41 ppm of Fe was detected in samples. vi The final concentration of carotenoids concentrated through a saponification was 216,100 ppm, which was higher than in the extracted carotenoids before saponification for 21.61 %. The loss of carotenoids through saponification was about 43%. Comparing with the commercial samples at the same concentration, the values of a* (redness) of the extracted oil soluble samples were higher, whereas those of the extracted water-soluble samples were much less. The extracted and commercial oil soluble samples gave a similar_ color of orange red. Color of the extracted water-soluble samples was orange red, while that of the commercial samples was yellow red. At the storage condition of 30±2°C and 60 ± 5% relative humidity, carotenoids concentration of the oil base samples decreased about 10%/month, and at 5 months the concentration decreased about 50%. In case of the water base colors, the decreasing of carotenoids was about 33% during the first month, and then the concentration was remained relatively constant. The phase separation was occurred together with the growth of moulds after storage for 1 month. The raw material and chemical costs of making 1 kg of 1 % carotenoids were altogether 2,189 Baht. The gain would be 2,811 Baht/kg at the sale value of 5,000 Baht/kg.

Chiang Mai University. Library

Address: CHIANG MAI

Email: cmulibref@cmu.ac.th

Name: Patcharin Raviyan

Role: Chairman

Name: Sorasak Lhieochaiphant

Role: Member

Name: Duangsamom Limpiti

Role: Member

Name: Theera Eksomtramage

Role: Member

Name: Somchai Jomduang

Role: Member

Created: 2007

Modified: 2022-11-11

Issued: 2022-11-11

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

eng

DegreeName: Doctor of Philosophy

Level: Doctoral Degree

Descipline: Food Science and Technology

Grantor: Chiang Mai University

©copyrights Chiang Mai University

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