Abstract:
The title of this research is A Causal Model of Savings Behavior of Nurse in Private Hospital Group who are public health personnel looking after patients in groups of private hospitals in Bangkok. The research purposes were: 1) to test the measurement models on attitudes towards savings, the deference accorded to reference groups towards savings, the perception of the ability for saving behavior control, and nurses financial stress in the workplace in groups of private hospitals. 2) to develop and test the consistency of the causal relationship model of the nurses saving behavior in groups of private hospitals with empirical data. 3) to study the factors relating to saving behavior and the guidelines for development of a saving behavior program of the nurses in groups of private hospitals, and 4) to develop the nurses saving behavior in groups of private hospitals with a training program.
This research was a research and development by using the process of mixed method research divided into four stages as follows. Stage 1 of the research was a quantitative research. It was used for the measurement model testing on attitudes towards savings, the deference accorded to reference groups towards savings, the perception of the ability control on saving behavior, and nurses financial stress in the workplace in groups of private hospitals. The data were collected from the sample consisting of 152 nurses in groups of private hospitals in Bangkok and the data which were analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis via a computer program.
Stage 2 of the research was a quantitative research. It was used for developing and testing the consistency of the causal relationship model of the nurses saving behavior in groups of private hospitals. The data were gathered from 503 nurses in groups of private hospitals in Bangkok. The data were analyzed by using the causal relationship model by a computer.
Stage 3 of the research was a qualitative research relating to the factors of the saving behavior and the guidelines for development of a saving behavior program of the nurses in groups of private hospitals. The 14 specialists and nurses were interviewed and used the data analysis for content analysis and research.
Stage 4 of the research was pretestposttest one group design in the form of repeated measures design. We used it to study results of a developmental program towards the nurses saving behavior in groups of private hospitals. The samples, analyzed by using a Friedman test, a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and the influence of the developmental program towards the nurses saving behavior, consisted of 12 nurses in groups of private hospitals.
Here is a summary of the research findings :
1. Stage 1 of the research findings: The measurement model testing of the attitudes towards savings, the deference accorded to reference groups towards savings, the perception of the ability control of saving behavior, and nurses financial stress in the workplace in groups of private hospitals. We found that the construct validity with the confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement model of saving attitudes was accord with the empirical data. We considered the statistic X2= 1.35, df = 1, P-value = 0.2547, X2/df = 1.35, GFI = 0.994, AGFI = 0.966, SRMR = 0.0253, RMSEA = 0.048 and Standardized Residual = -0.994 to 0.01, the confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement models of the deference accorded to reference groups towards savings was accord with the empirical data which was considered the statistic X2= 0.83, df = 1, P-value = 0.363, X2/df = 0.83, GFI = 0.996, AGFI = 0.977, SRMR = 0.0179, RMSEA = 0.000 and Standardized Residual = -0.003 to 0.507, the confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement models of the ability control of saving behavior was accord with the empirical data considered the statistic X2= 6.64, df = 4, P-value = 0.158, X2/df = 1.66, GFI = 0.983, AGFI = 0.937, SRMR = 0.029, RMSEA= 0.066 and Standardized Residual = -1.277 to 0.077. Furthermore, the confirmatory factor analysis of the measurement models of saving behavior was accord with the empirical data considered the statistic X2= 10.94, df = 8, P-value = 0.205, X2/df = 1.36, GFI = 0.981, AGFI = 0.932, SRMR = 0.0359, RMSEA = 0.049 and Standardized Residual = -1.453 to 1.195.
2. Stage 2 of the research findings showed that the causal relationship model of the nurse saving behavior was accord with the empirical data which the saving attitudes affected the saving behavior (B= 0.019) without statistical significance, the deference accorded to reference groups towards savings had an influence on the saving behavior (B= 0.473) with statistical significance at the level of 0.01 and the perception of the ability control of saving behavior affected the saving behavior (B= 0.316) with statistical significance at the level of 0.01The saving behavior had an influence on the financial stress in the workplace (B= -0.086) with statistical significance at the level of 0.05. Moreover, the statistics used for testing were X2 = 7.16, df = 3, P-value = 0.07, X2/df = 2.38, GFI = 0.99, AGFI = 0.95, CN (Critical N) = 796.70, Standardized RMR = 0.03, RMSEA = 0.05 and Standardized Residual= -1.940 to 1.633
3. Stage 3 of the research findings, obtained from interviews, found that the important factors of the nurses saving behavior consisted the saving attitudes, the deference accorded to reference groups towards savings such as families, friends, social media, and the perception of the ability control of saving behavior. In addition, the guidelines for development of a saving behavior program of the nurses that was found that the majority of informants agreed that the guidelines for development of saving attitudes should have used discussion techniques and model techniques, the guidelines for development of the deference accorded to reference groups towards savings should have used group discussion techniques and using model, the guidelines for development of the perception of the ability control of saving behavior should have used self-contract techniques and set goals. And lastly, the majority of informants agreed that the guidelines for stress management in finance in the workplace should have used techniques of problem-solving therapy
4. Stage 4 of the research findings : The findings indicated that nurses had a score of saving behavior, pre-posttest score of financial stress in the workplace, and doing a follow-up to results which they had significant difference at the level of 0.01. We found that nurses posttest score of saving behavior (Mean = 79.25) was higher than the pretest score of saving behavior (Mean = 70.33), nurses scores of a follow-up saving behavior (Mean= 91.42) was higher than the posttest score of a follow-up to saving behavior (Mean = 79.25) which there was statistical significance at the level of 0.01. Furthermore, It was found that nurses posttest score of stress financial in the workplace (Mean= 17.83) was lower than the posttest score of stress financial (Mean = 21.58), nurses score of a follow-up to stress financial in the workplace (Mean = 14.17), was lower than the posttest score of a follow-up to stress financial (Mean =21.58), Nurses score ), nurses score of a follow-up to stress financial (Mean = 14.17) was lower than the posttest score of a follow-up to stress financial (Mean =17.83) which there was statistical significance at the level of 0.01, the size of the influence of the development program of saving behavior towards saving behavior after testing was equal to 0.625 and doing a follow-up to results was equal to 0.626. And lastly, the size of the influence of the development program of saving behavior towards stress financial in the workplace after testing was equal to 0.601 and doing a follow-up was equal to 0.626.