A study on carcass quality and meat quality of crossbred fattening pigs sired by pakchong 5 boars compared with crossbred fattening pigs sired by commercial boars
Abstract:
Pakchong 5 is a synthetic terminal boar that was established from genetic combination of Duroc and Pietrain pigs. Pakchong 5, developed by Department of Livestock Development (DLD), Thailand, was targeted to produce high growth rate and leaner fattening pigs. The purpose of this study was to examine carcass quality and meat quality of crossbred fattening pigs sired by Pakchong 5. This study was divided into; Experiment 1 compared Pakchong 5 purebred fattening pigs (P5), crossbred fattening pigs sired by Pakchong 5 (CP5), and crossbred fattening pigs sired by Duroc (CD). All pigs were raised with the same diet, housing, and managements. At approximately 100 kg bodyweight, all pigs were slaughtered for carcass quality evaluation. Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles were collected for meat quality examination including physical characteristics, chemical composition, and flavor precursors. The data were analyzed using General Linear Model. For experiment 1, the results showed that there were no significant differences on
most carcass and meat quality traits among P5, CP5 and CD. P5 had greater lean and ham percentage than CP5 and CD (P<0.05). P5 and CP5 had bigger loin eye area and muscle fiber diameter than CD (P<0.05). P5 had higher relative percentages of Myosin heavy chain (MHC)-IIx, and lower MHC-IIb than CP5 and CD (P<0.05). There were no significant differences on inosine 5-monophosphate, inosine, and hypoxanthine contents of Longissimus and Semimembranosus muscles among groups (P>0.05). For longissimus muscles, P5 had higher content of arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3), and polyunsaturated fatty acids than CP5
(P<0.05), but did not differ from CD (P>0.05). CP5 had higher content of oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) than CD (P<0.05), but did not differ from P5 (P>0.05). For semimembranosus muscles, there were no significant differences on fatty acid composition (P>0.05). Moreover, gilts had greater loin percentage than barrows (P<0.05). Longissimus and Semimembranosus muscles from gilts had lower L* than those from barrows (P<0.05). Longissimus muscles from barrows had higher content of lauric acid (C12:0) and saturated fatty acids than gilts (P<0.05). Experiment 2 compared CP5 with crossbred fattening pigs sired by commercial terminal boars (CB1 and CB2). Terminal boars of CP5 and CB1 were genetically selected on growth rate trait, while terminal boars of CB2 were genetically selected on feed efficiency trait. The animal from each group was derived from different farms and managements. At approximately 100 kg bodyweight, all pigs were slaughtered for carcass quality evaluation. Longissimus dorsi muscles were collected for meat quality examination including physical characteristics, chemical composition, and flavor precursors. The data were analyzed using General Linear Model. For experiment 2, the results indicated that there were no significant differences on most carcass and meat quality traits among CP5 and crossbred fattening pigs sired by commercial terminal boars (CB1 and CB2). However, CP5 had lower tender loin percentage than CB1 and CB2 (P<0.05). Loin muscle of CP5 had lower total collagen, muscle fiber diameter, cooking loss percentage, and inosine content than CB1 and CB2 (P<0.05). Moreover, gilts had greater loin and ham percentage than barrows (P<0.05), while barrows had higher backfat thickness, fat percentage, and belly percentage than gilts (P<0.05). Loggissimus muscles from barrows had higher fat content than gilts (P<0.05). In conclusion, the carcass quality and meat quality of CP5 were similar to those of crossbred
fattening pigs derived from commercial terminal boars.