Abstract:
The optimization of maceration (ME) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the yield of papaya seed oil were conducted by response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The independent variables were temperature, time and sample to hexane ratio. The results indicated that the optimum ME was set at 58°C 9 hours using a sample to hexane ratio of 5 g/ 100 ml, the optimum UAE was set at 47°C, 35.47 minutes and 5 g/100 ml and the optimum MAE was set at 2.32 minutes 800 watt and 7 g/150 ml. At those optimum, ME, UAE and MAE provided oil recovery of 28.07±0.72 and 28.59±0.61% or 95.67±2.95 and 97.27±2.08 % of total oil content, respectively. At those optimum ME, UAE and MAE provided oil recovery of 27.99, 26.66 and 27.29% or 95.40, 90.87 and 93.01% of total oil content, respectively. The result indicates that MAE can reduce extraction time. The different extraction method affected the quality and the antioxidant activity of recovery oil significantly (p≤0.05) which UAE provided the best quality. In term of thermal and crystallization behaviors. The result showed that the melting of papaya seed oil started from -25.90 to -12.52°C (Ton). The peak point were between - 7.54 to -3.79 °C (Tp) while T offset were between 0.77 to 5.96°C, respectively. Crystallization point of ME and UAE were between -39.03 to -35.13°C, -42.15 to 38.37 and -45.50 to -41.26 °C, respectively. This research result show that MAE was the minimal extraction time and power consumption. On the other hand, the effect of UAE on oil quality and antioxidant activity was less than MH and RE.