Abstract:
The objectives of this research entitled Development of organic rice farming pattern - Case Study : Farmers in Phon Ko Sub district, Sanom District, Surin Province were 1) to explore organic farming method by using cement pool, and 2) to explore organic farming method by using cement bucket.
Rice seeds that the researcher had used were 105 seeds of jasmine rice. Due to limited area available for the study, the researcher used only half kilograms of seeds in the seed preparation process. Regarding the tillage process, the researcher decided to conduct research on the area that covered with sandy soil that mixed with black husk and manure from cow and buffalo dung from farmers who participated in the research. The mixture ratio was as following : soil, black husk, and fertilizer in the proportion of 10: 3: 1. Regarding the planting process, the research planted the rice seedling form the screened-seed for 20 days until the rice seedling had the height of 25 cm. After that, the farmers uprooted the rice seedling and transplanted them in the cement pool. Since the rice was planting in the cement pool, the farmers were able to manage water. Therefore, weeds could not intervene. For the fertilizer, the researcher had put manure from buffalo and cow dung into the soil during the tillage process. Thus, the researcher would observe the growth of rice seedlings before adding the fertilizer. The researcher would only add the manure to the cement pool with slow growth rice seedling. The water management system of rice farming in a cement pool was more manageable. Lt was easier for the farmers to monitor the amount of water as the pool could not leak outside. In addition, the researcher had not found any diseases occurred. The reason might be the limited number of rice planting during the experiment. Regarding insects, only a small number of insects were found. Most of them were ladybugs and other natural insects. Therefore, it was not a problem or challenge in the process. The only concern was birds that came to eat the rice grains. Regarding the rice harvest, since the rice was just planted in the cement pool, the researcher needed to wait for 90 more days until the rice could be harvested. The rice would be harvested by hand. The researcher inspected the rice ear and found that the largest rice ear had 224 rice seeds in total while the smallest rice ear consisted of 43 seeds. The weight of rice is equivalent ot 2 kilograms.