Abstract:
The purposes of this study were: 1) to study Analysis and synthetic, styles, materials,
techniques and the processes for Art-craft Brass of Ban Pa-Ao: 2) The traditional wisdom of this
craft and development in Art-craft Brass of Ban Pa-Ao: 3) Study the master model product design
Styles, Materials, Techniques and the Processes Art-craft Brass torespect of Ban Pa-Ao
Ubonratchathani Province.
The sample of the study was the brass craft caster of Ban Pa-Ao and five experts of
product design. The research tools were: 1) Interviews, 2) Observations, 3) Experiment,
4) Questionnaire of satisfaction in prototype of product design of art and craft brass.
5) Assessment of knowledge in the Art-crafts brass and drafts of Ban Pa-Ao and idea sketch.
The research revealed the following results:
1. Styles: There were two styles of brass art-crafts of Ban Pa-Ao as follows:
1) Traditional style: This style consisted of handicraft such as small bells and a set of betel nut
caskets. 2) Modern Style: This style consisted of handicraft such as vases, ox-carts of dummy,
and bracelets.
2. Materials: The materials that used to make brass handicraft of Ban Pa-Ao by the
traditional processes of lost-wax casting were alloys. There were 2kinds of them. 1) These alloys
were the mixture of different metals such as the alloys with the combination of copper and zinc,
and the alloys with the mixture of tin, aluminum and lead. 2) As for the materials, equipment and
tools used to make brass handicraft by the traditional lost-wax casting processes, there were 10
kinds of the them. All of these were traditional materials and tools which could be found locally.
3. Techniques and processes of brass art-crafts of Ban Pa-Ao: The research found that
there were 18steps and each step had to be done by skilled workmanship.
4. The conservation of brass handicraft wisdom of Ban Pa-Ao: The traditional styles
and decorative patterns of brass handicraft were conserved as well as techniques and processes of
lost-wax casting which were considered as the traditional wisdom and technical conservation.
5. The development of brass handicrafts of Ban Pa-Ao: Four parts of experiments
were carried out to get the best alloys for making brass handicrafts as follows:Part 1. Experiment
to find out the most appropriate combination of metal to produce brass handicraft, the experiment
in this part resulted in the most proper combination for brass of Ban Pa-Ao: Lost-wax casting
process, the bread down was copper 62.5 %, zinc 32.43 %, lead 2.42 %, tin 1.03 % aluminum
0.719 % strong 75.4 HV30and bronze mixed copper 75.4 %, tin18.33 %, zinc 5.52 %, lead
0.484 %, aluminum 0.261 % strong 209.5 HV30. Part 2. The experiment to find out the proper
combination of metals for brass, the experiment in this step found out the most appropriate
combination of brass to produce decorative handicrafts. This showed the following results as
copper 67.50 %, zinc 27.50 %, tin or aluminum 5 % and the best for utensils as copper 62.5 %,
zinc 32.50 % tin or aluminum 5 %. The results for ornaments showed that the handicraft broke
down as copper 72.50 %, zinc 22.50 %, tin or aluminum 5 %; the quality to used with round relief
sculptures as copper 57.50 %, zinc 37.50 %, tin or aluminum 5 % bronze was the proper with
handicraft as copper 72.50 %, tin 22.50 %, silver 5 % to use with bell. Part 3. The experiments to
explore the level of the loud sound of brass bell found that the brass bell has the loudest sound
containing of copper 57.50 %, zinc 37.50 %, tin 5 %. The thickness of the edge of the bell was
10.25 mm. and thickness of valve was 3 mm. Part 4. The experiment to design a variety of
decorative patterns of brass handicrafts, the experiment found out 6 methods of making
decorative designs which consisted of metal plating, acidifying, drilling or writing patterns with
the drill, carving, spray or painting and spraying sand.
6. The creation of brass art-crafts, there were 4styles of prototype products of brass
handicraft as following: 1) decorative handicraft of the candle holder, and the lamp 2) utensils cup,
tray 3) ornaments as bangle, pendant and 4) relief sculptures.