Environmental Assessment of Electricity Production in Tanzania

Name: Mwema Felix

keyword: Life cycle assessment

Abstract: The worldwide emissions of greenhouse gases due to human activities (e.g. power generation) are increasing and with it, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting in climatic change. The use of fossil fuels for electricity generation contributes not only to the greenhouse effect but it also has other environmental impacts, such as acidification, eutrophication and resource depletion. With growing concerns over anthropogenic climate change, an appropriate understanding of emission characteristics of various power generation systems from an environmental perspective is required. An environmental assessment was done for Tanzania using a life cycle approach with the help of SimaPro version 7.3.0. Databases used were Ecoinvent version 2.2 and the U.S. Life Cycle Inventory (USLCI) version 1.6. The methodology used in impact calculation was CML 2001 (all impact categories) version 2.05/World, 1995. From the master plan, generation capacity of the Tanzanian national grid will increase from the installed capacity of about 782MW in 2000 to about 1950 MW, 3150 MW, 4850 MW, and 5850 MW by the year 2015,2020,2026 and 2030 respectively. The electricity generation increases from 2,412 GWh in 2000 to 12,678 GWh, 20,478 GWh, 31,528 GWh, and 38,028 GWh in 2015,2020,2026, and 2030 respectively. The results of this study shows that in all the chosen impacts categories, the impacts increase significantly within the time horizon (2000-2030) due to increasing electricity generation and consumption at different rates depending on the types of technologies and energy mix deployment. The total abiotic depletion potential (ADP) increases from 1,142 tonnes Sb eq in 2000 to 0.037, 0.045, 0.068, and 0.074 million tonnes Sb eq in 2015,2020,2026 and 2030 respectively. The total eutrophication potential (EP) increases from 52 tonnes PO4 eq in 2000 to 1969, 2303, 4205, and 4700 tonnes PO4 eq in 2015, 2020, 2026 and 2030 respectively. The total global warming potential (GWPl00) increases from 0.16 million tonnes CO2 eq in 2000 to 6.06, 7.01, 12.42, and 13.79 million tonnes CO2 eq in 2015,2020, 2026 and 2030 respectively. The total acidification potential (AP) increases from 1,268 tonnes SO2 eq in 2000 to 0.056, 0.067, 0.118, and 0.131 million tonnes SO2eq in 2015, 2020, 2026 and 2030 respectively. The Tanzanian government is currently putting more effort into restructuring and expanding electricity sector but the major issue is whether the government is able to maintain and regulate a sustainable future electricity system by taking into account the environmental and social aspects. Therefore, the government needs to consider all the uncertainties that characterize the choices over a range of possible strategies in power generation expansion, for example, increasing the share of renewable sources of electricity in the grid mix.

King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. KMUTT Library

Address: BANGKOK

Email: info.lib@mail.kmutt.ac.th

Name: Shabbir H. Gheewala

Role: Advisor

Created: 2010

Modified: 2012-01-05

Issued: 2555-01-03

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

CallNumber: JGSEE250

eng

DegreeName: Master of Science

Level: Master's Degree

Descipline: Energy Technology

Grantor: King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi

©copyrights King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi

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