Abstract:
The objectives of this study were to develop a personality inventory based on the personality theory of Lee and Ashton (2004), to measure scale invariance between male and female groups, and to derive scale norms. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select 1,208 upper-secondary students from Eastern Special Development Zone. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple-group analysis were employed to analyze the data using the Mplus 7.31 program.
The research findings were:
1. The developed personality inventory consisted of six factors: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience, with a total of 84 items. All items had I-CVI over .780; item-to-scale correlations ranged from .201 to .793; scale reliability was .972, and construct validity was confirmed by alignment with the criterion.
2. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that there was invariance between male and female groups.
3. Scale norms were constructed and divided into two levels: percentile rank higher than 50 (PR > 50) indicated high level and percentile rank lower or equal 50 (PR ≤ 50) indicated low level.