Angsana Romsaiyud. Kinetic Modeling ofHydrolysis for Anaerobic Digestion from Cellulosic Waste. Doctoral Degree(Biotechnology). King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi. KMUTT Library.. : King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, 2552-12-13.
Kinetic Modeling ofHydrolysis for Anaerobic Digestion from Cellulosic Waste
Abstract:
It is estimated that of the 48111illion tons ofind.ustrialand domestic waste generated in
Thailand each year, approximated 40 million tons are biodegradable (DEDE,
. 2001/2002); Cellulose? is a main polymer of these biodegradable organic wastes, in the
order of 35-50% (Alagappan arid Cowan, 2001; Bames and Keller, 2003) and a good
source for. renewable. energy (Tanticharoen, 1996). Anaerobic digestion of organic
waste is becoming favorable as a sustainable technology which promotes energy
recovery from waste. These anaerobic processes are complex, with.a consortium of
microorganisms responsible for the production of specific enzyme mixture necessary for
effective breakdown of the polymeric substrates. Hydrolysis of cellulose, however, is
generally considered as the rate-limiting step in the overall anaerobic degradation. In
addition, enzymetic cellulose hydrolysis is generally a slow and incomplete process.
Therefore cellulose degradation would be depends on the cellulase productivity and/or
the rate of cellulase reaction (Lee and Fan, 1982; Vavilin et aI., 1996). Various
strategies have been used to try to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of this
component of the overall process. One very successful approach has been to increase
the productivity of cellulase production by optimizing culture conditions.
This study aims to increase the rate of hydrolysis step in order to increase the efficiency
of biogas production by increased cellulolytic enzyme production. Based on the
hypothesis as follow: the rates of cellulase production are relied on cellulose
concentration, pH and acetic acid. The cellulose hydrolysis by Bacillus coagulans was
investigated in this study. B. coagulans is the dominant of hydrolytic fermentative
bacteria in mesophilic digester treated pineapple peel. The strain was obtained from
Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, KMUTT. The experiments
were carried out to evaluate and determine the suitable working condition for enchance
of cellulose hydrolysis by cellulolytic enzyme. The present work is divided into four
parts. In part I was investigated into activity and stability ofenzyme as a function ofpH.
The topics include the major enzymatic hydrolysis properties and observation time for
produced maximum cellulase yield. In this study, the effect of initial pH for an
optimized cellulase activity from B.coagulans was pH 7, there is a pH at which its
activity is greatest, and works within quite a small pH range. The optimum time of
cellulase production of cellulose have been obtained; Under the optimal time, the c
ontent ofcellulase can reach to 6.0 lUll at 8th hr, the percentage of cellulose conversion
is about 18.6% based on the amount of consumed sugar. Part II, experiments were
carried out to determine kinetic parameters ofa cellulose-cellulase system. The effect of
cellulose and acetic acid concentration was investigated. For a given concentration, the
rate ofreaction increases with increasing substrate concentration up to 4 gil ofcellulose.
When increased cellulose concentration higher than 4 gIl,cellulose productivity was no
significant changed. In case of aCetic acid concentration variation (0, 10, 30, 40 and 60
mM) experiment, the rate of cellulase production decreased while acetic acid
concentration was increased from 0 to 60 mM. At lower acetic acid concentration, the
cellulase productivity was higher than high concentration of acetic acid. Therefore
cellulose removal had decreased when acetic acid concentration increased. The results
illustrated that the cellulase production was affected by acetic acid concentration in
solution. In both set of experiments, three main products namely, lactic acid, acetic acid
and ethanol were found.
Part III, the kinetic modeling was considered as a tool to design and control anaerobic
cellulose hydrolysis. process. In this? study, the kinetic model of this process .was
developed based on experimental data from part I and n.The inhibition effects of the
product (acetic acid) and pH were taken into account. The model algorithm included a
simultaneous cellulose hydrolysis by the enzyme cellulase to glucose, and a
ferinentation of glucose to VFAs.The best results was observed that acetic acid in the
culture medium had? effect to cellulase production (KaiT 49.50mM,?and n2= 1.7) more
than cellulase reaction (KaiJ= 37.85 mM,and nl = 2.0). The suitable pH for cellulase
production was pH 5.3-8.3, and range of pH on cellulase reaction was 2.6-7.2. The
results shown that both of suspension pH and acidogenic products influence on
microbial activity in an anaerobic environment. To erihance the cellulose hydrolysis
rate, accumulated acetic acid could control not over 25 mM and pH should maintained
at 7. Part IV, to validate the kinetic model from Part III with semi-continuous feed
system. The proposed kinetic model incorporates the enzyme reaction, product
inhibition, and substrate system. Preliminary assessment indicates good agreement with
the experiment data. An especially important feature ofthe model is its ability to predict
semi-continuous operation.