Abstract:
Pikudtripitjuk is a herbal medicine and composes of Syzygium aromaticus (L.) Merr. Et Perry. (Myrtaceae) flowers, Myristica fragrans Houtt. fruits, and Cnidium monnieri Linn. fruits at a ratio of 1:1:1. This study was aimed to determine toxicities and bioactivity of the extracted Pikudtripitjuk in diabetic rats.
The chemical components were determined employing gas chromatographymass spectrometer. Acute and sub-acute toxicity were also studied. Acute toxicity study was performed by single oral gavages with the extracts at doses of 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg b.w. to the rats. Moreover, sub-acute toxicity was tested in female Wistar rats by giving various doses of 500, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg b.w. of Pikudtripitjuk extracted every 2 days for 14 consecutive days. The bioactivity was conducted by inducing diabetic rats with streptozotocin. The oral administration of Pikudtripitjuk at a dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. to the diabetic rats was conducted every day for a total period of 6 weeks.
The analysis of chemical constituents using gas chromatographmass spectrometer showed that the main compounds were p-Eugenol (67.02%), Safrene (2.32%), Beta-Caryophyllene (2.94%), Phenol (1.92%), Caryophyllene oxide (1.56%), Tetracyclo (1.26%), Tetradecanoic acid (CAS) (1.49%), Ethyl palmitate (1.71%), Osthole (4.28%), and Oleic acid (2.68%). In addition, the acute toxicity study showed that all the doses of the extracts did not produce any sign or symptom of acute toxicity and no mortality was recorded during the first 24 hours and within the 14 days duration. Furthermore, the result of sub-acute toxicity showed that all the doses of the extracts did not produce signs or symptoms of sub-acute toxicity and mortality during the 14 days observation period. The average body weight of the non-controlled and the treatment groups were not different. Apart from this, hematological components including WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, and blood chemistry including ALP, AST, Cr, and ALT were also not different. The results showed that all treated groups were not different. However, the doses of 500, and 4,000 mg/kg b.w. of ALP, Cr, and ALT had higher significant level at p 0.05 in treated rats than in non-controlled rats. Although all treated groups were not different, Pikudtripitjuk treatment increased body weight of induced STZ diabetic rats significantly (p 0.05). Furthermore, administration of the extract showed significant (p 0.05) improvement in the lowering blood glucose levels. The extracts did not significantly change the levels of RBC, HB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and PLT compared with the non-controlled group. The extract exhibited non-significant values in serum blood chemistry of BUN, CHOL, Cr, ALT, and AST compared non-controlled group I. On the other hand, the level of ALP, TG, and GLOB showed indication of increased but only ALB showed significant decline at p 0.05 in diabetic control rats when compared with controlled rats. These results suggest that the extract possessed hypoglycemic with no acute and sub-acute toxicity in the rats. The lethal dose, LD50 is higher than 4,000 mg/kg b.w.