การจัดการพลังงานและสิ่งแวดล้อมของเตาเผาเครื่องปั้นดินเผาในจังหวัดราชบุรี

Energy and Environment Management of Pottery Kilns in Ratchaburi Province

Name: ชัยศักดิ์ ชาตรีจันทร์สกุล

Organization : มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าธนบุรี

keyword: Pottery Kiln

; Dragon Kiln

; Energy Conservation in Pottery Kiln

; Emissions from Pottery Kiln

Abstract: This study is concerned with energy and environment management of pottery kilnslocated in ratchaburi province. The investigation focuses on energy balances andenvironmental impact of two dragon kilns of difference size which are the type of kilnwidely used in the area. Fuel wood is used in firing process which consumesconsiderable amount of fuel per batch. Air pollution is also investigated in this studybecause the flue gas is released to environment directly.Energy audits were carried out on the larger kiln which has 42 fuel feeding ports and thesmaller kiln which has 23 ports. The thermal efficiencies of both kilns system wereestimated to be 11.57 % and 13.49 % respectively. The largest part of heat loss was thestored heat in the kiln structure, approximately 47 % and 45.38 % of the total energyinput respectively. The heat is released to surrounding air when there is no firing.The first energy conservation measure proposed is to install ceramic fibre on the insidewall of the kiln. This measure would reduce the amount of energy losses by stored heatin the kiln structure about 30 % which is equivalent to 413,217 baht per year whichwould return the investment in about 1.94 years; with the internal rate of return of 26.2 %Other measures are to install the temperature measuring devices using pyrometric conesfor controling the firing temperature; to install a combustion analyzer to control theair/fuel ratio to around 1.5 which would reduce flue gas losses and percents of damageproducts. The measures would save the fuel cost by 381,910 baht per year which wouldreturn the investment in about 0.38 year; with the internal rate of return of 163 %. Theinstallation of aluminum foil on the outside wall of kiln, would reduce the amount ofwall losses by about 7.5 % which is equivalent to 103,304 baht per year with theinvestment payback in about 0.1 year; with the internal rate of return of more than 100%. The waste heat recovery measure by using the high temperature flue gas to preheatthe product in other kiln, would reduce the fuel cost for drying the product by 369,432baht per year with the investment payback and internal rate of return of 1.88 years and52.1 % respectively. The changing of fuel type from fuel wood to producer gas requiresimprovement of kiln structure and kiln operating system. This measure would reducethe amount of energy consumption about 40 % and reduce the amount of damagedproduct which is equivalent to 842,956 baht per year with the investment payback andinternal rate of return of 3.92 years 22.06 % respectively.The introduction of energy-efficient gas fired continuous kilns for medium scale potterymanufacturers to replace less energy efficient intermittent kilns, is worth investigating.The high cost of imported energy-efficient continuous kilns are presently serious barrierto the introduction of this technology in Ratchaburi provinceThe results of flue gas analysis in the two kilns were found as follows. The averagevalues of emission released for CO2, CO, NOx, SO2 and HC from the 42 ports kiln were9,727.26 kg CO2 / batch, 118.81 kg CO / batch, 0.96 kg NOx / batch, 4.23 kg SO2 /batch and 92.93 kg HC / batch respectively. From the32 ports kiln, the emission valueswere 7,747.07 kg CO2 / batch, 89.88 kg CO / batch, 0.8 kg NOx / batch, 3.29 kg SO2 /batch and 59.84 kg HC / batch respectively.The average values of emission factor for CO2, CO, NOx, SO2 and HC from the 42 portskiln were 740.42 g CO2 / kg product, 9.06 g CO / kg product, 0.074 g NOx / kg product,0.279 g SO2 / kg product and 7.12 g HC / kg product respectively. From the 32 portskiln were 778.90 g CO2 / kg product, 9.05 g CO / kg product, 0.081 g NOx / kg product,0.331 g SO2 / kg product and 6.06 g HC / kg product respectively.The methods proposed to reduce emissions is to improve the firing efficiency andcontrol of firing temperature which would reduce the amount of emission andincomplete combustion. The implementation of energy conservation measures wouldalso reduce the amount of emissions. So is the change of fuel for firing from fuel woodto the ones with low emission such as natural gas, LPG and bio-gas which is convenientto control the firing temperature and firing efficiency.

มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าธนบุรี

Address: กรุงเทพมหานคร

Email: info.lib@mail.kmutt.ac.th

Name: จุลละพงษ์ จุลละโพธ์

Role: อาจารย์ที่ปรึกษา

Created: 2545

Issued: 2005-10-03

Modified: 2553-12-17

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

ISBN: 9749636473

CallNumber: EM261

tha

DegreeName: วิศวกรรมศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต

Level: ปริญญาโท

Descipline: เทคโนโลยีการจัดการพลังงาน

Grantor: มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกล้าธนบุรี

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