Monitoring of Nitrogen Uptake and assimilation in Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. by Nitrogen Isotope

การติดตามการดูดใช้และการนำไปใช้ประโยชน์ของไนโตรเจนในปทุมมา โดยไอโซโทปของไนโตรเจน

Name: Chamaiporn Anuwong

ThaSH: Curcuma alismatifolia

Classification :.DDC: 635.93439

ThaSH: Annuals (Plants)

ThaSH: Nitrogen

Abstract: The monitoring of nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation in Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep. by Isotope nitrogen (15N-NO3) was divided into 3 experiments as follows: Experiment 1: anatomical investigation of root and leaf of C. alismatifolia was carried out. The studies on characteristics of anatomy in C. alismatifolia cv. Chiang Mai Pink is rather limited, especially roots and leaves which are used for nutrient uptake. According to C. alismatifolia production, fertilizer is supplied both via roots and leaves. Therefore, this research was aimed to study the anatomy of both organs by using paraffin method, and then observed under light microscope. The results showed that root structural features were similar to general monocotyledons and others in Zingiberaceae family. It was composed of epidermis which was of irregular polygonal shape. Ground tissue consisted of cortex which was composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells and was multi-layered. Next, the endodermis and pericycle were single-layered and were not well defined. Many starch grains were found in pith. Vascular bundles comprised of approximately 22 cells. The vascular bundles were polyarch that xylem was cycle and bundles of phloem alternated with the xylem vessel members. Leaf structure was composed of a smooth single layer of epidermis, upper leaf surface cells (41.32 × 66.84 μm) were of larger size than lower leaf surface cells (33.90 x 38.87 μm) while the cuticle of lower leaf side (14.81 μm) was thicker than upper leaf side (11.17 μm). Moreover, the leaf surface was studied by separating epidermal layers of both upper and lower leaf surfaces. It was found that stomatal types mostly were tetracytic. Guard cells were kidney-shaped with orderly arrangement. Epidermal cells were tetra- to hexagonal with smooth cell wall. The numbers of stomata on the lower leaf surface (1031.60-1182.27 cells/mm2) were more than those on the upper leaf surface (424.13-506.40 cells/mm2) while the stomatal width and length of upper leaf surface (74.20-82.40 × 50.80-55.60 μm) were longer than the lower ones (55.80-59.40 × 48.40-50.60 μm). The ground tissue was found to be 1-3-layered, consisting of hypodermal cells in both sides and tannin accumulated in these cells. The mesophyll was composed of multi-layers of palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll. Vascular tissue was in parallel and collateral types of bundles. The numbers of vascular bundles were 71 cells per leaf. Fiber was observed in both leaf surface sides but on the lower side, it was thicker and had many layers. The results of this study can be used as basic information to explain the effect of fertilizer uptake through roots and leaves afterwards. Experiment 2: the effect of application methods and light supplement periods on N uptake was studied. Nitrogen is a macroelement which is important to the growth and development of Curcuma from sprouting to rhizome harvest. This study was aimed to investigate nitrogen uptake and translocation to different organs of this flower crop after nutrient solution was applied to the plants by monitoring at the 3rd fully-expanded leaf stage via roots, upper leaf surface or lower leaf surface for every four hours of light supplement periods, i.e., 4, 8 and 12-hrs. The results showed that dry weights of plants supplied with different methods of 15N application were not significantly different in all parts. The highest percentage of dry weight distribution was found in leaves (37-44%), followed by old storage roots (19-25%), fibrous roots and old rhizome (14-17%) and new rhizome (5-7%). From 15N analysis, it was found that the 15N content was significantly different when plants were supplied with different applications. The highest nitrogen uptake rate (1.06 μg plant-1 hr-1) and labeled-N (4.22 μg plant-1) was on the upper leaf surface supplied at 8 hrs after light supplement. No matter how the nutrient solution was applied, most of the nitrogen (about 47-57%) was translocated to the leaves. The second highest proportion of nitrogen (about 26-44%) was translocated to underground storage organs (old rhizome, new rhizome and storage roots). Experiment 3: N uptake and assimilation in Curcuma were monitored by 15N-NO3 feedings supplied via roots or leaves at 1-4 leaf unfolding stages. The result showed that N supplied via roots gave longer stalk length than via leaves while N supplied via leaves stimulated early flowering by about 7 days. The distribution of 15N in each organ was similar at all stages, although foliar application showed that the N use efficiency was about five times lower. The 15N absorbed at the 1st fully-expanded leaf (FEL) and the 2nd FEL was initially transported to the mature leaves and then it was re-translocated from the old to new leaves. At the 3rd FEL stage, N was mainly translocated to the above ground part, especially inflorescences. Translocation of N to new rhizome mainly occurred when supplied at the 4th FEL stage. The N supplied via roots was higher in total-nitrogen content (TN), labeled-nitrogen (LN) both soluble and insoluble fractions in 80% ethanol, and total amino acid content than supplied via leaves in every stage. The LN was mostly in insoluble form. Moreover, the underground storage organ was still main distributed organs of LN, both the soluble and insoluble fractions, especially the old rhizome. On the other hand, after flowering, LN was translocated to inflorescences, even N was supplied via roots or leaves. The distribution of total amino acid into various organs was the same as above. These results suggested that foliar application might be as beneficial as root application, although the N use efficiency was about five times lower. However, in this experiment, foliar application could promote earlier flowering.

Chiang Mai University Library

Address: CHIANG MAI

Email: cmulibref@cmu.ac.th

Name: Rungnapa Changjeraja

Role: Chairman

Name: Soraya Ruamrungsri

Role: Member

Name: Nuttha Potapohn

Role: Member

Name: Daruni Naphrom

Role: Member

Name: Weenun Bundithya

Role: Member

Created: 2015

Modified: 2017-10-31

Issued: 2017-10-31

วิทยานิพนธ์/Thesis

application/pdf

CallNumber: Th 635.93439 C442M

eng

DegreeName: Doctor of Philosophy

Level: Doctoral Degree

Descipline: Horticulture

Grantor: มหาวิทยาลัยเชียงใหม่

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