Abstract:
To study the historical background, composition, performance sequence, format and special characteristics of Lakon Thengtuk in Chantaburi Province from 2001 to 2002. The methods used in this study include collecting related documents, interviewing 4 senior performers, 9 troupe heads, 82 performers and observation of 30 performances by 9 different troupes within Chantaburi. The results show that Lakon Thengtuk in Chantaburi was started by Mr. Tim Phakkij. Knowledge about this type of Lakon was transferred by Khru Khunthong who performed Lakon in southern Thailand. In 1977, Lakon Chartri, known as Lakon Thengtuk, was brought to Lamsingh district, Chantaburi province. The format of Lakon Thengtuk was simultaneously changed according to the influence of Likay in this area. Performance elements are three side stage , a set of scenery painted with a forest or a palace, and a bench. Stories are from legends and modern short from famous novels or radio scripts. Music instrument plays includes drums, xylophone, cymbals and wooden clappers. Actresses perform hero, heroine and supporting roles. Males act as clowns. They dress in classical theatre style. Performance sequence is divided in to 4 part : invocation , music prelude, dance prelude and play proper. Lakon Thenktuk for votive offering includes all parts but for entertainment. Only part 3 and 4 are presented. Performance starts with leading characters sing and dance their introduction part followed by singing chorus backstage while they repeat with a traditional dance pattern called sat tha. This is followed by a spoken phrase similar to singing line. Clowns play important role in creating laughters and directing the play. Lakon Thenktuk today has 3 styles : traditional, mixed with Likay and mixed with modern music and dance chorus. Lakon Thenktuk today has 9 troupes with 82 performers. Many young girls are being trained today. However, only two troupes can perform the traditional style. Preservation should by serious considered for this theatre heritage.