Abstract:
To develop the phosphate mixes for ham and emulsion sausage. Initially, the concentration of each type of phosphate affecting quality of emulsion sausage was studied. Phosphates used were sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), each at 0, 0.125, 0.250, 0.375 and 0.500% (W/W). From the results, the phosphates that provided the highest water holding capacity (WHC) were STPP at 0.125-0.250%, SAPP at 0.250% and TSPP at 0.375-0.500% and the samples that provided the highest emulsion stability (ES) were STPP at 0.375-0.500%, SAPP at 0.125-0.500% and TSPP at 0- 0.500%. Thereafter, 7 formulas of phosphate mix were developed and the result indicated that the one with STPP:SAPP:TSPP; 20:5:75 provided the sausage with the best quality with respect to the salt soluble protein (SSP), WHC, ES, degree of nitrosation of pigment (%conversion), redness, texture profile analysis (TPA) and sensory quality. The developed phosphate was then compared with the commercially produced products comprising MP016® and CARNAL346® It was found that % conversion, ES, redness (a) and sensory scores of color, taste and texture were not different while SSP, WHC and juiciness score of the developed sample were better than those of the commercial products. The concentration of each type of phosphate affecting quality of ham was studied. Phosphate used were STPP, sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and TSPP each at 0, 0.125, 0.250, 0.375 and 0.500% (W/W). The result indicated that the phosphates that provided the lowest water loss (WL) were STPP at 0.375-0.500%, SHMP at 0.125- 0.500% and TSPP at 0.250-0.500% and the samples that provided the highest WHC were STPP at 0.250-0.500%, SHMP at 0.250-0.500% and TSPP at 0.250-0.500%. Since SHMP did not effective in decreasing of WL, it was omitted from the mix. The three most effective formulas with respect to the SSP, WL. WHC. %conversion, a, tensile strength and sensory quality of ham were developed. Each formula was composed of STPP:TSPP at 53:47, 61:39 and 64:36 respectively. Ham with the developed mixes were compared with those produced with MP016® and CARNAL346® The experimental result revealed that the WL, %conversion, a and sensory scores of the five samples were not different (p>0.05) while the SSP, WHC and tensile strength of ham with the developed phosphate mix (STPP:TSPP; 64:36) were better than those found in samples produced with the two commercially produced phosphates.