FACTORS IN ORGANIZING BLENDED LEARNING AND CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING LEARNING PROCESSES THAT AFFECTS CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITIES OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHER
Abstract:
The aims of this research study were to 1) examine blended learning indicators and factor that enhance creative problem solving abilities 2) investigate creative problem solving indicators and factor that enhance creative problem solving abilities 3) investigate the interaction between blended learning and creative problem solving that enhance creative problem solving abilities and 4) analyse blended learning and creative problem solving variables that affect creative problem solving abilities. This study was conducted by mix methods research with embedded design, the quatitative phase was conducted with 545 pre-service teachers, and the qualitative data was observed from one classroom. Interview was conducted with the instructor and learners. The research instruments were questionnaire, assessment form, observation form, and semi structural interview. The quantitative result was calculated using descriptive statistic, Pearson product moment correlation, and structural equation model, while the qualitative data from observation and interview was analysed through content analysis. The results were as follow: 1) The result from comparing the validating data between the structural equation model and the interaction structural equation model showed that the structural equation model was more valid than the interaction structural equation model; it was fitter to the empirical data. The model indicated that the goodness of fit test of interaction structural equation model was Chi-square/df = 39.959, AIC = 29387.991, GFI = .271, AGFI = .183, RMR = .0860. This validated result demonstrated that the interaction between the blended learning instruction and the creative problem solving process could not affect creative problem solving performance, the result from qualitative data showed that the instructors applied many approaches in learning activities that were in form of mix approach rather than integration creative problem solving approach in various learning activities. 2) The hypothetical structural equation model was valid and fit to the empirical data. The model indicated that the Chi-square goodness of fit test was Chi-square 94.869, df = 77, p-value = .0816, GFI = .979, AGFI = 0.962, RMR = 0.0147, and RMSEA = 0.0207. This model accounted for 29.1% of variance in blended learning and creative problem solving affecting creative problem solving abilities. The blended learning instruction could enhance creative problem solving performance significantly (b = .194, SE = .070); and, blended learning instruction related statistically with creative problem solving process (b = .702, SE = .031). The result from observation and interview showed that the instructor applied creative problem solving approach in blended learning with various strategies such as questioning techniques, brainstorming, and flexible classroom. 3) The regression result showed that blended learning and creative problem solving variables could report variance of creative problem solving abilities for 23%; only learning activities variable affected creative problem solving abilities significantly (b = .137). Learning activities such as case study, practicing, doing individual and group projects and others were found in observation data.