Janya Buanuam. Development and application of dynamic extraction systems with hyphenated techniques for assessment of elemental fractionation in solid substrates . Doctoral Degree(Analytical Chemistry). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2007.
Development and application of dynamic extraction systems with hyphenated techniques for assessment of elemental fractionation in solid substrates
Abstract:
New extraction-detection systems for dynamic sequential extraction were
developed for assessing metals and macronutrient fractionation in environmental
solids. The work consists of four topics; the first three are devoted to method
development and the last is an application study to demonstrate the usefulness of
dynamic extraction.
Firstly, a flow-through extraction cell with bi-directional flow was developed for
trouble-free handling of soil samples up to 1 g and flow rate up to 10 mL min-1. The
hyphenation of the proposed flow extraction system with ICP-MS was demonstrated.
It showed excellent performance for on-line monitoring of metals released when
applying the extractants as specified in the Commission of the European Communities
Bureau of Reference (BCR) scheme.
Secondly, sequential injection (SI) with a microcolumn was employed for
automatic dynamic fractionation of phosphorus in solids. The on-line fractionation
method capitalizes on the sequential exposure of the various extracts in the Hieltjes-
Lijklema (HL) scheme to the solid sample by application of programmable flow
precisely coordinated by a syringe pump. In this work, flow injection analysis based
on molybdenum blue (MB) chemistry was developed for automatic determination of
phosphorus in collected extracts generated by the SI-microcolumn extraction. Despite
the variable chemical composition of the HL extracts, a single flow injection set-up
was assembled.
Thirdly, a fully automated microcolumn fractionation with on-line spectrophotometric
detection of phosphorus was developed. The system integrates dynamic
sequential extraction, and on-line processing of the extracts via the MB reaction by
exploiting multisyringe flow injection as the interface between the microcolumn and
the flow-through detector. The on-line approach provides many advantages such as
saving of chemicals, shortening of operational times and accurate determination of the
orthophosphate pool.
Finally, a continuous-flow stirred-flow extraction system was applied to study
soil contamination by zinc mining activities in Tak Province. Overlayed extractograms
obtained were found to be useful for examination of the association of Zn, Cd, Pb and
Fe in the contaminated soils. In addition, the elemental atomic ratio plot extractograms
c a n be used to demonstrate the degree of anthropogenic contamination