Piyanuch Jongsamak. Correlation between "Point mutation and truncation of thyroglobulin" and "Their patterns of export and iodination". Doctoral Degree(Biochemistry). Mahidol University. : Mahidol University, 2006.
Correlation between "Point mutation and truncation of thyroglobulin" and "Their patterns of export and iodination"
Abstract:
Owing to its large size, only several point mutations in the human thyroglobulin
(TG) gene have been identified throughout the world. Here, we have examined the
intracellular fate of three distinct full-length missense TG mutants that have been
identified in patients with congenital goiter and varying degrees of hypothyroidism.
When expressed in COS-7 cells, there were marked differences in the mutant TG
export rates, paralleling increased stable association with a well known endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) chaperone – BiP/GRP78, suggesting variable defects in TG folding.
Each TG mutant also associated stably with calnexin, suggesting a role for the lectin
pathway of ER quality control for the mutant TG. Moreover, we found a new role for
protein disulfide isomerase as chaperone in the intracellular processing of the mutant
TGs, which were degraded gradually and partially by the 26S proteasome. We
conclude that these three ER chaperones are a part of the quality control machinery
that associates with the mutant TGs until they are readied for ER associated
degradation. Furthermore, the extent of the TG folding defect as suggested by altered
transport kinetics and interactions with ER chaperones may play a role in determining
the clinical phenotypes in patients with congenital goitrous hypothyroidism.
In vitro iodination of TG secreted from fully differentiated rat thyroid cells and
expressed from mouse TG cDNA using iodide, lactoperoxidase, and a H2O2-
generating system, consisting of glucose and glucose oxidase, results in not only
thyroxine (T4) formation within TG but also TG fragmentation. In order to investigate
the specific role of hormonogenic tyrosine residues in T4 formation, one at a time each
tyrosine residue at positions 5, 130, 2553, and 2746 was replaced with phenylalanine
by using site-directed mutagenesis. After in vitro iodination, Y5F and Y130F TGs but
not Y2746F TG can form T4 as well as wild type TG. We conclude that tyrosine 2746
but not tyrosine 5 and 130 is essential for mouse TG hormonogenesis. Moreover, an
additional role for tyrosine 2553 as donor in T4 formation has been suggested