Abstract:
The objectives of this study were to (1) examine various patterns and models
of palliative care in hospitals; (2) determine the expected needs for hospital pharmacy
services of palliative care teams and (3) study perceptions about palliative care held by
hospital pharmacists providing pharmacy services to terminally ill patients and the
nature of such palliative care services. The study took place at the Songklanagarind
Hospital, King Chulalongkorns Memorial Hospital and the Mahavajiralongkorn
Cancer Center. The key informants were physicians, nurses, pharmacists and other
healthcare professionals who provided palliative care in those hospitals. Many
qualitative techniques were used for data collection such as informal interviews,
observations and participant observations.
Each hospital had a different level of development and service provision for
palliative care which could be classified into 2 main categories. One was to
disseminate concepts, principles and practices of palliative care to healthcare
professionals in all wards in order to encourage them to practice palliative care. The
other was to develop a palliative care system only in designated specialty wards for
terminally ill patients. The study found that there were expected needs of pharmacy
services in both direct patient care and other areas, such as drug information. For
current pharmacy services also found that, there were pharmacists play role on both
levels of care according to their readiness.
The problems and barriers for implementing pharmacy services providing care
to terminally ill patients consisted of: misunderstandings about roles and
responsibilities of pharmacists, inadequate knowledge of providing pharmacy services
to terminally ill patients, limitations of manpower, improper management and
administration of professional development for palliative care, and lack of inspiration
and interest of pharmacists themselves.
The results of this study indicated the opportunities for implementing better
pharmacy services. To meet this challenge, preparing for readiness of the pharmacist
should be initiated. Pharmacists need to improve their perceptions and knowledge
about palliative care, especially pharmacotherapy in terminal illness. For the pharmacy
education system, pharmacy students should be taught about palliative care concepts
together with their roles and responsibilities. Furthermore, the additional palliative
care training should be arranged regularly