Abstract:
In the year 2002 surveillance, the prevalence of Salmonella isolated from cloacal swabs of native-chicken raised in the rural area and broilers in intensive-farming system (farmed-chicken) were found 1 and 5%,respectively. While the contamination of Salmonella found in native-chicken meat, chicken meat bought from supermarkets and local-markets were 13, 19 and 64%, respectively. Various of Salmonella serovars were identified but S. Enteritidis was found in feces of farmed-chicken, chicken meat from supermarkets and local-markets were 43.5, 16, and 9.2%, respectively. The contamination of Salmonella in chicken meat from supermarkets and fresh-markets were lower than the year 2000 which were as high as 48 and 90%, respectively. Salmonella isolated from feces of farmed-chicken resisted to Ampicillin 21.7%, Chloramphenicol 17.4%, Kanamycin 17.4%, Nitrofurantoin 13%, Tetracycline 17.4%, Nalidixic acid 78.3%, Ciprofloxacin 8.7%, Furazolidone 17.4%, and Sulfamethoxazole 13% but all were susceptible to Sulfamethoxazole+Trimethoprim. Salmonella isolated from feces of native-chicken was resistance to Ampicillin, Tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, Furazolidone, and Sulfamethoxazole higher than strains from farmed-chicken. This results were different from the surveillance in the year 2000 which Salmonella isolated from feces of native-chicken had lesser resistance than strains strains from farmed-chicken. Enterococcus spp. Found in feces of native-chicken and farmed-chicken were E. fecalis 46 and 41% E. faecium 42 and 36%, respectively. Enterococci strains isolated from feces of native-chicken were found resisting to Chloramphenicol, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Streptomycin, Nitrofurantoin, and Tylosin lesser than strains from farmed-chicken, except Vancomycin which E. fecalis and E. faecium from native-chicken were resistance 4 and 8.8%, respectively while strains from farmed-chicken were resistance to Vancomycin 2 and 0.8%, respectively. This study revealed that there is still high contamination of Salmonella in chicken meat and the antimicrobial resistance is still a major problem, especially Fluoroquinolones. Therefore, the prudent use of antimicrobial drugs has to be continuing educated to all stakeholders and in the schools of veterinary medicine